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Indonesia Results Report 2020-2022

Indonesia’s sixth action plan improved access to information on social welfare programs, public procurement, and beneficial ownership. Many commitments benefited from government-civil society collaboration. Both Open Government Indonesia and Open Parliament Indonesia published new repositories on commitment implementation.

Early Results:

This action plan made major progress on expanding access to information on social welfare eligibility for millions of Indonesians (Commitment 11). This reform was an exemplary open government achievement for Indonesia. Among the other three commitments that IRM identified as having the potential to realize the most promising results at the design phase, two achieved notable early results. Commitment 1 made marginal progress on opening access to public procurement information by instituting a revised Information Commission Regulation on Public Information Service Standards. Commitment 17 also made marginal progress on beneficial ownership transparency, providing free access to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights’ public register.

Among the action plan’s other commitments, half produced marginal early results in opening government, struggling with implementation obstacles or gaps in the design of intended reforms. For the open parliament commitments (19–24), most initiatives were internally focused. Although the commitments focused on access to justice (6–10) did not make major improvements to legal aid’s accessibility outside of major cities, they did result in positive steps, such as passing implementing regulations on accommodations for persons with disabilities in the Supreme Court and correctional institutions.

Completion:

Half of the action plan’s commitments (12 of 24) were substantially or completely implemented, a slightly lower implementation rate than the previous plan (12 of 19). Among Indonesia’s open parliament commitments, one of six was substantially implemented. Obstacles to implementation included leadership turnover and lack of cross-parliamentary support for certain initiatives. As for the government action plan’s eighteen commitments, eleven were completely or substantially implemented—including the four most promising commitments (1, 11, 15, and 17). Enablers of implementation included strong civil-society-government collaboration and sufficient budget allocation by government or civil society stakeholders. Most of the open government commitments with limited implementation were civil society initiatives without sufficient uptake by necessary government stakeholders—for example, on access to justice (7, 9, and 10) and protecting civic space (16 and 18).

Participation and Co-Creation:

Indonesia’s action plan was developed in two separate parts. Commitments 1–18 were directly proposed by civil society, often many organizations acting together, and were developed collaboratively. This process was led by Open Government Indonesia (OGI) Secretariat with a steering committee made up of eight government and one civil society representatives. The open parliament commitments (19–24) were developed through a separate process at the House of Representatives (DPR RI), which expanded civil society participation compared to the previous plan but did not include parliamentarians’ participation. This process was led by the Open Parliament Indonesia (OPI) Secretariat.

Collaboration in implementation varied across the action plan. Some commitments saw strong government and civil society co-implementation. In other cases, government implementers communicated updates on commitments, but did not offer opportunities for collaboration. Meanwhile, some government implementers preferred to consult with the OGI Secretariat, rather than maintain direct communication channels with civil society counterparts. Overall, during the implementation phase, Indonesia met the OGP Participation and Co-Creation Standards by publishing OGI and OPI repositories, improving the transparency of open government efforts.

Implementation in Context:

The implementation period for this action plan followed Indonesia’s 2019 presidential election. As a result, a number of commitments were synchronized with the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020–2024. However, OGI was not undergirded by a firm legal basis, such as a presidential decree. As a result, the government did not make priority budget allocations for the implementation of the commitments. In addition, government budget was often diverted to COVID-19 pandemic response and recovery efforts, and international donors have offered progressively limited aid for development and governance reforms in Indonesia.[1]

[1] Ben Davis, “Financial Sustainability and Funding Diversification: The Challenge for Indonesian NGOs,” https://www.ksi-indonesia.org/assets/uploads/original/2020/02/ksi-1580493181.pdf.

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