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Serbia Results Report 2020-2022

Serbia’s fourth Open Government Partnership (OGP) action plan focused on digitalization and public participation in decision-making. Half of the commitments were either fully or substantially completed, but only one (simplifying administrative procedures) saw major results in opening government. To improve future action plans, the government could involve high-level public officials and take a strategic approach to reforms that require legislative changes.

Early Results

Serbia’s fourth action plan (2020-2022) carried over several policy areas from previous action plans, including access to information, civic participation, environment and climate, public procurement, and public service delivery.

The IRM has assessed one commitment (Commitment 6) as having major early results, with four achieving marginal early results, including the three commitments identified as promising in the IRM Action Plan Review (Commitments 2, 3, and 7).[1] This was similar to the third action plan (2018-2020), where one out of 14 commitments had major early results. Notably, in both action plans, the work on simplifying administrative procedures for citizens and businesses achieved major early results. In the fourth action plan, Commitment 6 resulted in the establishment of a public register of administrative procedures and a single platform with all information on procedures and services.

Completion

Out of the 12 commitments, six were substantially or fully implemented. The remaining six saw limited implementation. This was similar to the third action plan, where seven out of 15 commitments were fully or substantially completed.[2] Some commitments saw high levels of implementation because the government prioritized them, such as the eConsultation portal (Commitments 2 and 3) and ePaper portal (Commitment 6). On the other hand, the general elections in 2020 and 2022 limited progress for other commitments. For example, the commitments on media co-funding and participation in determining topics of public interest (Commitments 11 and 12 respectively) involved adopting legislative proposals. This proved challenging during the long period with a caretaker government after the general elections. Moreover, the Serbian authorities lacked the capacity to produce the online platform for monitoring the funding of media projects.[3] Commitment 7 on combating violence against children (proposed by the Association of Lawyers AEPA) was identified as a promising commitment in the IRM Action Plan Review but saw only limited completion. The key outcome – online reporting and monitoring of the violence involving children – was not finished.

Participation and Co-Creation

The Ministry of Public Administration and Local Self-Government (MPALSG)’s coordination during the fourth action plan improved compared to previous cycles. For example, the MPALSG included civil society stakeholders outside the OGP working group in discussions on relevant topics during the co-creation and implementation periods. The MPALSG organized five meetings of the working group and six meetings of the core group[4] during the co-creation process.[5] As in past action plans, public institutions had final veto over the proposals related to their jurisdictions. As a result, civil society participants found that the interventions from public institutions often changed the substance of the proposals and reduced the level of ambition of commitments. Moreover, high-level political representatives (i.e., ministers) were insufficiently informed about their ministries’ role in the OGP process, which negatively impacted implementation of some commitments.

Implementation in context

The implementation of the fourth action plan coincided with two rounds of parliamentary elections (in 2020 and 2022) followed by prolonged processes to form the governments. Elections directly affected the implementation of Commitment 5, as no changes could be made to the Unified Voters Register during the election period. Organizational (administrative) changes that followed the formation of new governments also delayed certain commitments. Notably, the elections impacted Commitments 11 and 12, as the planned laws were not adopted. The COVID-19 pandemic also impacted implementation in 2020, as institutions were closed at first and later worked remotely. Commitment 10 was delayed, as the Office for Information Technologies and eGovernment prioritized data collection connected to the pandemic.

[1] Open Government Partnership, Serbia Action Plan Review 2020-2022, https://www.opengovpartnership.org/documents/serbia-action-plan-review-2020-2022/

[2] Open Government Partnership, Serbia Transitional Results Report 2018-2020, https://www.opengovpartnership.org/documents/serbia-transitional-results-report-2018-2020/.

[3] Based on the insights from representatives of the Ministry of Culture and Information, interview by the IRM, 28 October 2022.

[4] The core group is comprised of the commitment proposers and representatives of institutions.

[5] Minutes of all meetings available in the country repository, https://ekonsultacije.gov.rs/ogpPage/1

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