Publication of Subnational Fiscal Data (PNG0019)

What is the public problem that the commitment will address? It is apparent that not very one has access to fiscal information about their respective provinces. The provinces need this information for budgetary purposes and to an extent, Understanding fiscal capacities their respective provinces. Through enabling fiscal transparency, vital information pertaining to the sub- national level of the government can be made available to be used by stakeholders for various purposes, either for budgetary or resourcing.

Main Objective The main objective of the commitment is to disclose or make fiscal data available in an accurate and timely manner so that the citizens and the stakeholders of this country will have to know how much money is available for each province and district.The warranting and cash remittances to provinces and districts and hold the leaders accountable. This process will enable citizens to have access to actual cash remittances to district and provinces, make leaders accountable and transparent.

What is the commitment? The NEFC will be responsible for providing information on its publication entailing annual budgetary allocation such as the recommendations of the function grants. Furthermore, the publication will also provide the public with an assessment on provincial expenditures using these grants and the level of revenues available in a particular province assessed through different sources. It is expected that this will enable the provincial governments and the national government to have insight into provincial fiscal capacity. The main objective is to make the fiscal data available in an accurate and timely manner so that the citizens and the stakeholders of this county will have to know how much money is available for each province, moreover, understanding the capacity level for each province.

How will the commitment contribute to solve the public problem? This commitment will address both national and provincial agendas. To an extent, the reports will provide the provincial stakeholders with the total envelope. This enables the provinces to fully understand their capacity against other Provinces. Moreover, this enables provinces to develop accurate budgetary plans that should also entail revenue raising strategies within the provinces to support grants from the national government. From the national government perspective, this commitment allows for an insight in to the level of funding for provinces and their capacity to address their service delivery obligations. This also allows for the government to look into its current financial arrangement system and address current inefficiencies impeding service delivery.

Relevance Why is this commitment relevant to OGP values? This commitment to provide timely, accurate and accessible fiscal data is expected to contributed towards greater transparency and allow citizens to monitor batter the sources and use of the public resources. It should also reduce opportunities for fraud, corruption and wastage of resources and give citizens power to follow the money as it aims to achieve service delivery functions. Having timely available data and reports addresses fiscal transparency as this is one of the four main eligibility criteria for joining OGP

Ambition Briefly described the intended results of the commitment and how it will either make government more open or improve government through more openness This commitment aims to promote monitoring of the warrants and cash remittances and disclosing this fiscal information to uphold transparency and accountability in the government processes and systems. It is also intended that this commitment will lead to improving financial management practices within Government.

Milestones Activity Descriptions Start Date End Date

Phase 1: Reporting Mechanisms

1.1 Providing relevant annual budget fiscal report Making available this report that entails NEFC’s Recommendations on the Function and administration Grants to the Provincial and local level Government April, 2022 August, 2024

1.2 Providing annual expenditure report Making available this report that entails provincial assessment on the use of the function and administration grant. This complies to the PFM processes and the budget expenditure instructions. May, 2022 August, 2024

1.3 Providing provincial Revenue Reports Making available this report that Entails the provincial revenues and their capacity to raise revenue using various sources A key report for the both national government and the Provincial Stakeholders. May, 2022 August, 2024

1.4 Providing annual budget scorecards This helps provinces allocates adequate funding towards the service delivery sectors. Furthermore, encourages provinces to submit budget on the timely basis for approval by the Treasurer. May, 2022 August, 2024

1.5 Providing the warrant Release Schedules This enables the public to understand the appropriation level for the goods and services Grant and further under the level of the cash remitted to each province complimenting the appropriations. May, 2022 August, 2024

Action Plan Review

12. Publication of Warrants and Cash Remittance to Subnational

● Verifiable: Yes

● Does it have an open government lens? Yes

● This commitment has been clustered as: Fiscal Transparency (Commitments 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the action plan)

● Potential for results: Substantial

For reference in Papua New Guinea’s 2022-2024 National Action Plan, see Cluster 4, Commitment 4.

Commitment Cluster 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12: Fiscal Transparency

This cluster aims to deliver timely central government budget and financial reports and regular audit reports to Parliament, as well as to open public access to this information through media outlets.

For a complete description of the commitments included in this cluster, see Commitments 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 in Papua New Guinea’s 2022-2024 National Action Plan.

Context and objectives:

This cluster aims to make government’s fiscal data available in an accurate and timely manner, enabling improved financial management, regular public disclosure of government expenditure, and greater fiscal accountability. Underpinned by completing the roll-out of the Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS), subnational governments and central government agencies, including statutory authorities and state-owned enterprises, must produce their financial reports in time to allow annual reporting by the Department of Treasury (DOT) and the National Economic and Fiscal Commission (NEFC), and audit by the independent Office of the Auditor General. Over recent years, failure to produce these reports has resulted in no audit reports to Parliament, late fiscal reports on government websites, and incomplete data available for annual budget preparation. This cluster carries forward the fiscal transparency commitments from the previous action plan and widens their scope by introducing additional compliance powers, through revision of the Planning and Monitoring Responsibility Act and the Audit Act. More media outlets and channels are to be used to ensure the reports reach Papua New Guinea’s widely dispersed population successfully. This cluster can address Papua New Guinea’s current non-compliance with OGP Core Eligibility Criteria on fiscal transparency. ^[1] The cluster meets core OGP values of transparency and public accountability and aligns with IRM recommendations to prioritize commitments on fiscal transparency. ^[2]

Under the first action plan’s fiscal transparency commitment, the IFMS roll-out had reached 75 percent of districts by January 2022. However, implementation of the remainder of the commitment faced obstacles including weak ownership by the DOT and Department of Community Development and Religion, as well as funding issues and COVID-19 restrictions. ^[3] Work was not started on auditing public accounts, parliamentary oversight improvements, citizen’s budget, budget tracking, or social auditing at the subnational level. ^[4] No in-year fiscal reports were made available on the DOT website over the past decade, ^[5] and state agencies and statutory bodies lacked the human resources to produce them. ^[6] The April 2022 audit report to Parliament by the Auditor General, covering the 2020 financial year, reports increased numbers of financial statements not submitted, with only 51 of 217 entities (43 percent) submitting their financial statements for that period. The Auditor General states that many organizations continue to indicate they are incapable of managing their financial affairs, and gives his view that the concept of effective, prudent, and efficient financial management is yet to be understood and performed by many Chief Executive Officers. [7]

Potential for results: Substantial

This cluster aims to address major systemic and structural gaps in the country’s budget and audit processes. In 2021, the Open Budget Survey scored Papua New Guinea 0 (out of 100) for public participation, 28 (out of 100) for budget oversight, and 50 (out of 100) for budget transparency, reporting that the Enacted Budget, In-Year Reports, and Audit Report were either not prepared or not publicly available. ^[8] From 2016 to 2021, Transparency International PNG found that 90 percent of government’s agencies (65 of 72 agencies) failed to report on how they spent public funds. [9] The International Budget Partnership noted that countries like Papua New Guinea could improve fiscal transparency by making budget documents publicly available within a timeframe considered meaningful for public participation. ^[10] This cluster‘s work is essential for meeting this recommendation.

It offers a comprehensive package of reforms that, if implemented as planned, would centralize Papua New Guinea’s financial information infrastructure and systems and establish a common reporting, monitoring, and audit cycle that would lay the foundation for fiscal transparency. When the roll-out of the IFMS is completed, the system will store all central and provincial governments’ financial information and provide a common infrastructure for agencies to regularly prepare financial statements and critical budget documents and meet publishing deadlines. The revised Planning and Monitoring Responsibility Act will set up compulsory expenditure reporting and impose penalties for non-compliance, giving the Department of National Planning and Monitoring and the DOT powers to monitor budget implementation and report publicly through Parliament and media outlets. The NEFC will publish subnational government warrant release schedules and cash remittances. The updated Audit Act will reference the technological systems and IT mechanisms that are being rolled out. The Auditor General’s reports to Parliament on the financial statements of more public bodies will be more comprehensive and accessible for public scrutiny.

This cluster has substantial potential to improve Papua New Guinea’s financial transparency, increase public access to government’s financial information, and demonstrate a stronger government commitment to public accountability. Greater efficiencies and more accurate financial estimates, budget planning, expenditure, and reports will be possible. To achieve wide dissemination to a public with low information literacy and internet penetration, use of media outlets to distribute and communicate the reports in a variety of formats will be essential. Independent audit reports will give Parliament and the public reliable and complete data on Papua New Guinea’s financial position. According to Transparency International PNG, ensuring the provision of timely, accessible, accurate audit reports from all agencies is critical for keeping public officials accountable on their performance. [11] A review of international studies on audits’ impacts shows evidence that publication of audits can reduce corruption, especially when their public dissemination is supported by local media [12] - as intended in this cluster. Overall, the Institute of National Affairs considers access to the fiscal information that would be released by this cluster to be a foundational first step facilitating the public’s ability to hold the government accountable on national and provincial expenditure. ^[13] Timely preparation and publication of essential budget documents form the basic building blocks of budget accountability and an open budget system.

Opportunities, challenges, and recommendations during implementation

Skilled financial and technical staff are necessary to complete the IFMS roll-out and raise financial capability across central and provincial governments. The previous commitments faced weak ownership by the DOT and the Department of Community Development and Religion, as well as funding issues and COVID-19 restrictions. ^[14] For this cluster, successful implementation relies on sufficient budget allocation and strong government ownership and leadership. Additionally, reliable financial reports must be shared with the public to raise their trust in government’s financial management. Improved telecommunications and cross-government collaboration with the public and local civic groups will be needed to deliver the reports using radio, in-person meetings at villages, and other mechanisms. The key opportunity and challenge is to reach Papua New Guinea’s population living in rural areas, with a national internet access rate of 18 percent ^[15] and adult literacy rate of 62 percent. ^[16] Ongoing government-funded work with local communities to trial different ways to present this fiscal information successfully will be needed, with resources and funding available during and beyond implementation of this action plan.

Synchronizing the revision of the Planning and Monitoring Responsibility Act with the revisions of the Audit Act and the Public Finance Management Act will create efficiencies for government and easier consultation opportunities. Civic groups can proactively seek involvement. As such, the IRM recommends the following:

• Complete the IFMS roll-out to all provincial governments as soon as possible to ensure timely financial reporting and audit reporting can meet action plan timelines.
• Add actions to formulate, oversee, implement, and monitor budgets and audits. Include the detailed recommendations in the Open Budget Survey 2021 to improve implementation. ^[17]
• Gain ministerial, central, and provincial government support for this project and confirm funding and resources. Consider the Auditor General’s recommendation that renewal of chief executives’ contracts be subject to their submission of financial statements and implementation and maintenance of prudent financial management. [18]

Work with senior officials to gain leadership support, budget, and human resources for the full implementation period.

• Continue to work with international aid organizations on public financial management reform. These organizations can play a role in driving the effort and sequential planning and can dedicate resources to institutionalize these legislative reforms. ^[19]

• Consider amending the Constitution to mandate an independent process for appointing the Auditor General, as recommended by the International Budget Partnership. This could also ensure that the Auditor General is funded and able to perform its duties independently and with integrity. ^[20]
• Modernize the fiscal information programs. Develop a staged program to implement processes and procedures to ensure timely central and provincial government financial reports, a reliable NEFC website, non-internet communication, and staff training to reduce high staff turnover.
• Commence the review of the Audit Act. Address the 2020 International Budget Partnership recommendations to strengthen independent audit and oversight systems: budget, access to official records, high quality audits, enhanced public participation, the role of the legislature, and review and follow-up of audit reports and recommendations. ^[21]
• Invite public participation in the legislative reviews. Public engagement could add value to the update of the Audit Act, Public Finance Management Act and the Planning and Monitoring Responsibility Act.
• Ensure that financial and audit reports are accessibly written. Work with civic society groups to draw up effective ways of communicating these reports to the public. Include executive summaries and simplified key findings in the financial and audit reports to assist with and grow public understanding. Link newly available fiscal information to citizen participation work to inform the budget process under Commitment 4.